🟡🪄💚

*🟡Different ways of saying I want*

1. I feel like + *verb ing or noun.*

2. I am in the mood for + *noun*

3. I really fancy + *verb ing / noun*

4. I'd kill for + *noun*

5. I am dying for + *noun / to do something.*

6. I'm counting the days until......

7. I'm up for + *noun/verb ing*

*⚪Different ways of saying I am angry* 

• I am furious

• I am irritated

• I am outraged

• I am mad at....

• I am pissed off

• I am ticked off

• I am bothered

*🟡Stop saying good bye  Use:*

• Catch you later

• Farewell

• see you lanow

• have a nice day

• bye bye

• take care

• later

• laters/cya

• I'm out of here

• I'm out

• I gotta take off/leave

• I'm off

• Keep in touch

• talk to you later

• it was lovely/nice seeing ynow

• All the best

• peace out

• bye for now

*⚪Different ways to say "yes" agreeing with an opinion.*

• so true

• indeeis

• uhuh

• Totally

• absolutely

• my thoughts exactly

• oh we see eye to eye

• he/she/it really is

 *🟡Different ways to say yes to a request.* 

• sure

• no problem

• sure thing

• no worries

• Consider it done

• I am on it

• I'd be delighted

• I'd love to...

• Absolutely 

• of course

• Certainly

• yep/yeah

 *⚪Different ways to show gratitude .* 

• to be appreciative

• to be at a loss for words

• to be eternally grateful

• to be immensely grateful

• to be thankful

Etc.....

*🟡Different ways of saying I am bored*

• to be fed up

• to be bored to death

• to be bored to tears

• to have had it up to here

_E.g. I have been at home for a long time. I have had it up to here . I will find a job._

*⚪Other ways of saying "I agree"*

1. You can say that again !

2. Yes. Exactly my point !

3. You got it !

4. I couldn't agree more !

5. Yep, I'll go along with that

6. We are on the same page

7. You took the words right out of my mouth

*🟡Formal and informal ways to ask for repetition:*

*⚪Informal*

1. Sorry ?

2. I'm sorry ?

3. Pardon ?

4. Excuse me ?

5. Come again 

6. What ?

7. Eh ?

*🟡Formal*

1. I am sorry , I didn't quite catch that

2. I am sorry, I didn't hear what you said

3. I am sorry, would you mind repeating that again ?

4. Would you repeat that, please ?

5. Sorry, what did you say 

6. Excuse me 

7. I beg your pardon ?

_*dew

🟡🪄💜

 *The secrets of learning a new language*

 I love learning foreign languages. In fact, I love it so much that I like to learn a new language every two years, currently working on my eighth one. When people find that out about me, they always ask me, "How do you do that? What's your secret?" And to be honest, for many years, my answer would be, "I don't know. I simply love learning languages." But people were never happy with that answer. They wanted to know why they are spending years trying to learn even one language, never achieving fluency, and here I come, learning one language after another. They wanted to know the secret of polyglots, people who speak a lot of languages. And that made me wonder, too, how do actually other polyglots do it? What do we have in common? And what is it that enables us to learn languages so much faster than other people? I decided to meet other people like me and find that out.

Dew🔰

      ⭐That' vs 'Which'

✅That: That should be used to introduce a restrictive clause.
✅Which: Which should be used to introduce a non-restrictive or parenthetical clause?

✅Usage of 'That':
Definition of a restrictive clause: A restrictive clause is an element of the sentence that cannot be deleted, because it restricts the noun. For example: Issues that concern the minorities cannot be ignored.

✅Usage of 'Which':
If a restrictive clause could not be left out of the sentence, a non-restrictive clause is its exact opposite and can be left out without changing the meaning of a sentence. Non-restrictive clauses are either in brackets or have a comma before and after them (or only before them if they come at the end of a sentence).
*Alphanso mangoes, which are grown in 5 countries, are the juiciest variety of mangoes.
*There was a tsunami in Japan, which is horrible news to be honest.
In both the sentences above, the fragment in 'bold' can be easily left.

✔'That' versus 'Which': Key Learning
In essence, if you can remove 'which' from a sentence and the meaning of the sentence is not harmed, that sentence will take a 'which' only. In case the meaning is harmed without 'that' fragment, you need to use 'that'.

🆔
✍️ dew

 

           
 *🟡Ways to Describe People*  

✍🏻1. Absent minded:- very forgetful or inattentive

✍🏻2. Big headed:- arrogant

✍🏻3. Hot-headed:- gets angry quickly

✍🏻4. Nosy:- curious about others

✍🏻5. Early bird:- a person who gets up/arrives early

✍🏻6. Night owl:- a person who enjoys staying up late at night

✍🏻7. Daredevil:- a reckless person who enjoys doing dangerous things

✍🏻8. Troublemaker:- someone who intentionally causes problems for other people

✍🏻9. Couch potato:- a person who takes little or no exercise and watches a lot of television.

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  *💬Family members by marriage💬* 

⠀⠀

 *🔴in-law* 

👉informal someone whom you are related to by marriage, especially the father or mother of your husband or wife

⠀⠀

 *🔴Father-in-law:* 

👉the father of your spouse.

⠀⠀

 *🔴mother-in-law:* 

👉the mother of your spouse.

⠀⠀

 *🔴son-in-law:* 

👉the husband of your daughter

⠀⠀

 *🔴daughter-in-law:* 

👉the wife of your son

⠀⠀

 *🔴brother-in-law:* 

👉the husband of your sister ⠀⠀

⠀⠀

 *🔴sister-in-law:* 

👉the wife of your brother.*

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                 😊Grammar

🦋🍂 🟢

🟣 🦋

#Report speech

📕So when we report someone’s words we can do it in two ways.

✅ We can use direct speech with quotation marks

👉 (  "I work in a bank" )

or we can use reported speech👉 (He said he worked in a bank.)

✅In reported speech the tenses, word-order and pronouns may be different from those in the original sentence.

📕📘We can use all tenses👇👇

  

✅Direct speech: “I travel a lot in my job”

✅ Reported speech: He said that he travelled a lot in his job.

✅The present simple tense👇

 (I travel) usually changes to the past simple

✅ (he travelled) in reported speech.

✅Direct speech: “Be quiet. The baby’s sleeping.”

✅ Reported speech: She told me to be quiet because the baby was sleeping.

👉The present continuous usually changes to the past continuous.

✅I work in Italy” 

✅Reported speech: He told me that he works in Italy.

It isn’t always necessary to change the tense. If something is still true now – he still works in Italy – we can use the present simple in the reported sentence.

✅Past simple and past continuous tenses

✅Direct speech: We lived in China for 5 years.

✅Reported speech: She told me they had lived in China for 5 years.

✅The past simple tense 

(we lived) usually changes to the past perfect (they had lived) in reported speech.

✅Direct speech: I was walking down the road when I saw the accident.

✅ Reported speech:

 He told me he’d been walking down the road when he’d seen the accident.

📕The past continuous usually changes to the past perfect continuous.

📘Perfect tenses

📕📘Direct speech:

 “They’ve always been very kind to me.

✅ Reported speech: She said they’d always been very kind to her.

📕The present perfect tense (have always been) usually changes to the past perfect tense (had always been).

📕Direct speech: 

✅They had already eaten when I arrived.

📘 Reported speech: He said they’d already eaten when he’d arrived.

📕The past perfect tense does not change in reported speech.

✅Upload  by dew

    

 *🫐 VOCABULARY*

*🟡1. EQUITABLE*  (ADJECTIVE): fair

Synonyms: just, impartial

Antonyms: unfair

Example Sentence:The competition was very equitable since both teams were at same skill level.

*⚪2. PLENARY*  (ADJECTIVE): unconditional

Synonyms: unlimited, unrestricted

Antonyms: conditional

Example Sentence:Crusaders were offered a plenary indulgence by the Pope.

*🟡3. LETHAL*  (ADJECTIVE): fatal

Synonyms: deadly, mortal

Antonyms: harmless

Example Sentence:In addition, no antibiotic therapy was administered, as it was a lethal model.

*⚪4. INGENIOUS*  (ADJECTIVE): inventive

Synonyms: creative, imaginative

Antonyms: unimaginative

Example Sentence:He was ingenious enough to overcome the limited budget.

*🟡5. UNPRECEDENTED*  (ADJECTIVE): unparalleled

Synonyms: unequalled, unmatched

Antonyms: normal, common

Example Sentence:The preparations were made on an unprecedented scale.

*⚪6. NURTURE*  (VERB): bring up

Synonyms: take care of, look after

Antonyms: neglect

Example Sentence:I was nurtured by his parents in a close-knit family.

*🟡7. MAGNIFICENCE*  (NOUN): splendour

Synonyms: grandeur, greatness

Antonyms: cheapness

Example Sentence:The magnificence of the surrounding countryside captured everyone's attention.

*⚪8. RUDDY*  (ADJECTIVE): reddish

Synonyms: red, rosy

Antonyms: pale

Example Sentence:The ruddy evening light was just perfect.

*🟡9 CONTEMPT*  (NOUN: scorn

Synonyms: disdain, disrespect

Antonyms: respect

Example Sentence:He stared at me with total contempt.

*⚪10. LAX*  (ADJECTIVE): slack

Synonyms: slipshod, negligent

Antonyms: stern

Example Sentence:Never be lax with your security.

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*7 tips to help you remember new words:*

1⃣ Look it up

🔸If you come across a word you don't know, try to find out what it means.

🔸Look up the meaning in a dictionary or ask someone for help to understand it. 

🔸Write down the meaning in English and in your own language. 

2⃣. Use it

🔹It's easy to remember a new word for a few minutes – but how can you remember it after a day, or a week?

🔹The trick is to use it. Use it in a sentence. Try to make a creative, memorable sentence, something you can picture and that will stay in your mind.

🔹Write down three creative sentences using the new word, then read them out loud. If it helps, you can even draw a picture to help remember the meaning of your sentence. 

🔹Can you tell a story using different forms of the word? It's very hard to remember a list of words – but it's easy to remember a story. 

3⃣ Try out phrases and different forms

🔸Sometimes it can be easier to learn a phrase than learn each word individually.

🔸So if you're learning the word 'focus' you could write down the meanings of 'focus on' and 'out of focus'. What does it mean to 'focus your mind on something' or 'focus your attention on something'. What does it mean if you 'lose your focus'?

🔸Now that you have the bigger picture, it's easier to understand the full meaning of the word.

🔸Don't forget to try using it in different tenses as well. 

4⃣. Talk about it

🔹We often remember things better when we learn 'actively'. That means instead of just listening, or just reading, you should be active in trying to speak, read, write and listen.

🔹Now that you know what the word means and you've tried writing it down in different ways, tell a friend about the new word. Sometimes teaching someone else can help you remember, too.

🔹If you're nervous about trying out a new word, practise at home first. You can even record yourself explaining the new word on your phone before you try telling someone else.

5⃣. Use games and technology

🔸Many people find playing games is a good way to help build their understanding. You could write words on flashcards and test yourself or a friend to make a sentence with each word.

🔹Or you can try describing the meaning of the word to your friend without showing them the card.

🔸Or maybe try a role play? That's when you act out a scene, for example if you're trying to learn words related to shopping, you and a friend can take turns pretending to be the shop owner and a customer – how much is this?

🔹Remember you can play these games with friends anywhere in the world: Use your phone to record your voice or make a video and send it to a friend.

🔸Or record a conversation with a native speaker so you can listen to it later. 

6⃣. Don’t give up

🔹Don't try to do too much too quickly. It's very hard to remember a long list of words. Maybe it's better to learn one word a day, or a list of eight words a week. It all depends how much time you have to practise.

🔹Be realistic about what you can do each day. You don't have to be perfect; remember that even native English speakers make mistakes.

🔹Successful learners have clear goals, are motivated, and stick to their plan – so keep trying!

7⃣. Sleep!

🔸Did you know that if you sleep within a few hours of learning something new you'll be better at remembering what you've learned?

🔸So that's a great reason to practise new words before bed time. Let your brain do the work while you sleep!

🔸But don't forget to review your new words and phrases in the morning too.

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⚪✨💜

🦋🍂 🟢Grammar🟣 🦋

#Report speech

📕So when we report someone’s words we can do it in two ways.

✅ We can use direct speech with quotation marks

👉 (  "I work in a bank" )

or we can use reported speech👉 (He said he worked in a bank.)

✅In reported speech the tenses, word-order and pronouns may be different from those in the original sentence.

📕📘We can use all tenses👇👇

  

✅Direct speech: “I travel a lot in my job”

✅ Reported speech: He said that he travelled a lot in his job.

✅The present simple tense👇

 (I travel) usually changes to the past simple

✅ (he travelled) in reported speech.

✅Direct speech: “Be quiet. The baby’s sleeping.”

✅ Reported speech: She told me to be quiet because the baby was sleeping.

👉The present continuous usually changes to the past continuous.

✅I work in Italy” 

✅Reported speech: He told me that he works in Italy.

It isn’t always necessary to change the tense. If something is still true now – he still works in Italy – we can use the present simple in the reported sentence.

✅Past simple and past continuous tenses

✅Direct speech: We lived in China for 5 years.

✅Reported speech: She told me they had lived in China for 5 years.

✅The past simple tense 

(we lived) usually changes to the past perfect (they had lived) in reported speech.

✅Direct speech: I was walking down the road when I saw the accident.

✅ Reported speech:

 He told me he’d been walking down the road when he’d seen the accident.

📕The past continuous usually changes to the past perfect continuous.

📘Perfect tenses

📕📘Direct speech:

 “They’ve always been very kind to me.

✅ Reported speech: She said they’d always been very kind to her.

📕The present perfect tense (have always been) usually changes to the past perfect tense (had always been).

📕Direct speech: 

✅They had already eaten when I arrived.

📘 Reported speech: He said they’d already eaten when he’d arrived.

📕The past perfect tense does not change in reported speech.

✅This is the complete form of this grammar..

━━━━━━━━━━━━━

English_Language  



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      📚 *Informal contractions*📚 

      

     

🔳Wanna=Want to 

I wanna go home.

🔳Kinda=Kind of

John's kinda cute.

🔳Cos=Because

I weep cos I'm in pain.

🔳Needa=Need to

They needa talk.

🔳Gotta=Got to

You've gotta leave.

🔳Outta=Out of

I'm outta money.

🔳Ya=You/You're

She misses ya.

🔳Lemme=Let me

Lemme look!

🔳Sorta=Sort of 

She's sorta tired.

🔳Dunno=Don't know

I dunno anything.

🔳Dontcha=Don't you

Dontcha find it?

🔳Gimme=Give me

Gimme the book!

🔳Hafta=Have to

We hafta know.

🔳Gonna=Going to

I'm gonna go.

🔳Hasta=Has to

He hasta work today.

🔳Usta=Used to

She usta live in Myanmar.

🔳Woulda=Would have

He woulda arrived soon.

🔳Shoulda=Should have

She shoulda called him.

🔳Musta=Must have

She musta been in a hurry.

🔳Oughta=Ought to

You oughta go.

🔳Innit?=Isn't it?

It's black,Innit?

🔳Alotta=A lot of

I eat altta chocolate.

🔳I'mma=I'm going to

I'mma sleep.

🔳Tell'em=Tell them

Tell'em the truth!

🔳D'you=Do you

D'you love him?

🔳Whatcha=What have you

Whatcha got there?

🔳S'more=Some more

I'll need s'more time.

Thumbs for ya🔰

Sadeepa dewmith 

     🔸 _*Colourful Phrasal verbs*_🔸

🌀➖🌀➖🌀➖🌀➖🌀

🟢 _*write down*_🔹

to write information on a piece of paper 

▫️Do you want to *write down* my phone number?

🟢 _*lie down*_ 🔸

to start lying (on a bed, etc) 

▫️I'm going to go and *lie down* for a while.

🟢 _*go away*_ 🔹

to leave a place/someone 

▫️Why don't you just *go away* and leave me alone?

🟢 _*build up*_🔸

to increase 

▫️These exercises are good for *building up* leg strength.

🟢 _*blow up*_🔹

to explode 

▫️Luckily, the bomb didn’t *blow up*.

🟢 _*read out*_🔸

to say something out loud which you are reading 

▫️He *read* the list of names *out*.

🟢 _*go off*_🔹

to no longer be fresh 

▫️Has this milk *gone off?*

🟢 _*put back*_🔸

to return something to where it was 

▫️Can you *put* the book *back* when you've finished with it?

🟢 _*let down*_🔹

to disappoint 

▫️You've really *let me down.*

🟢 _*take off*_🔸

to remove (a piece of clothing) 

▫️It felt good to finally *take* my shoes *off* after a I on 9 day.

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🔰🔰➖🔰🔰➖🔰🔰

       

*What is the relation between Language and Society?!*

       

The study of language and society can be dated to about the middle of the twentieth century. Before that there were authors who commented on how language use was influenced or indeed guided by socially relevant factors, such as class, profession, age or gender. Indeed the father of modern linguistics, Ferdinand de Saussure saw language as a type of social behavior. Sociolinguistics is fundamentally concerned with the relationship between language and society . It studies and explains why people speak differently in different social surroundings; it is interested in explaining the function of language and the way it is used in conveying meaning Language is one of the most powerful emblems of social behavior. In the normal transfer of information through language, we use language to send vital social messages about who we are, where we come from, and who we associate with. It is often shocking to realize how extensively we may judge a person's background, character, and intentions based simply upon the person's language, dialect, or, in some instances, even the choice of a single word.

 

   

🌻UPLOAD BY SADEEPA DEWMITH 

      

*                 ⚪May or Might*

        

   

         

🟡May

〽️May is present form of might.👌🏻

*✅We use may:*

*🟢👉🏻 When we are not sure about something in the present or future:*

*💜Examples*

◻️Jack may be coming to see us tomorrow. (= Perhaps Jack will come to see us tomorrow.)

◻️Oh dear! It's half past ten. We may be late for the meeting.  (= Perhaps we will be late for the meeting.)

◻️She's had no sleep. She may be tired. (= Perhaps she is tired.)

*🟢👉🏻 We can use 'may' to ask for permission. However this is rather formal and not used very often in modern spoken English*

*💙 Examples*

◻️May I borrow the car tomorrow?

◻️May we come a bit later?May I borrow your pen?

◻️May we think about it?

◻️May I go now?

*🟢👉🏻To give permission in a formal way:*

*💚Examples*

◻️You may go now.

◻️You may come at eleven if you wish.

*🟢👉🏻We use 'may' to suggest something is possible*

*💙 Examples*

◻️It may rain later today.

◻️I may not have time to do it today.

◻️Pete may come with us

*🟢👉🏻We can use may not to refuse permission or to say that someone does not have  permission, but it is formal and emphatic:*

*🤍Examples*

◻️You may not borrow the car until you can be more careful with it!

◻️Students may not wear jeans.

🪄🪄🪄🪄🪄🪄🪄🪄🪄🪄🪄

*🟡Might*

〽️Might is the past form of may.

*✅We use might:*

*🟢👉🏻When we are not sure about something in the present or future:*

*💚Examples*

◻️I might see you tomorrow.

◻️It looks nice, but it might be very expensive.

◻️It's quite bright. It might not rain today.

*🟢👉🏻 We use 'might' to suggest a small possibility of something.*

*💙 Examples*

◻️She might be at home by now but it's not sure at all.

◻️It might rain this afternoon.

◻️I might not have time to go to the shops for you.

◻️I might not go.

*🟢👉🏻 As the past tense of requests with may:*

*💚 Examples*

◻️He asked if he might borrow the car.

◻️They wanted to know if they might come later.

*🟢👉🏻 As a very polite way of asking for permission:*

*🤍Examples*

◻️Might we ask you a question?

◻️Might I just interrupt for a moment?

◻️For the past, we use 'might have'.

◻️He might have tried to call while I was out.

◻️I might have dropped it in the street.

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